Microscopic colitis (MC) is a common cause of chronic, non-bloody diarrhoea in the elderly population. In Denmark the incidence has been rising for the last decades. Sufficient biopsy material from colon mucosa is essential for the diagnosis. Treatment is important to improve the patient's quality of life, which is significantly impaired in active MC. This paper reviews newly published data regarding epidemiology, diagnostic criteria and a new European treatment guideline and also includes updates on ongoing and future studies in MC.