TY - JOUR

T1 - Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015

AU - Roth, Gregory A

AU - Johnson, Catherine

AU - Abajobir, Amanuel

AU - Christensen, Hanne

AU - Truelsen, Thomas

AU - et al.

AU - Vos, Theo

AU - Naghavi, Mohsen

AU - Murray, Christopher

N1 - Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - BACKGROUND: The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world.OBJECTIVES: The GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden.METHODS: CVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility.RESULTS: In 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75.CONCLUSIONS: CVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.

AB - BACKGROUND: The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world.OBJECTIVES: The GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden.METHODS: CVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility.RESULTS: In 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75.CONCLUSIONS: CVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology

KW - Cause of Death/trends

KW - Female

KW - Global Health

KW - Humans

KW - Life Expectancy/trends

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Morbidity/trends

KW - Prevalence

KW - Prospective Studies

KW - Retrospective Studies

KW - Risk Assessment/methods

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Sex Distribution

KW - Survival Rate/trends

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052

DO - 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28527533

VL - 70

SP - 1

EP - 25

JO - Journal of the American College of Cardiology

JF - Journal of the American College of Cardiology

SN - 0735-1097

IS - 1

ER -