COVID-19 and the developing brain
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Book chapter › Research › peer-review
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COVID-19 and the developing brain. / Zarifkar, Pardis; Peinkhofer, Costanza; Kondziella, Daniel.
Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Health. Elsevier, 2022. p. 168-179.Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Book chapter › Research › peer-review
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TY - CHAP
T1 - COVID-19 and the developing brain
AU - Zarifkar, Pardis
AU - Peinkhofer, Costanza
AU - Kondziella, Daniel
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - As of June 2022, children represent 18.9% of total cumulated cases of COVID-19 in the United States. While most children have mild symptoms, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect the central and peripheral nervous system function. The most common neurological symptoms in children with COVID-19 are headache, fatigue, anosmia, dysgeusia, and myalgia. In hospitalized children, the most common symptoms are headache, encephalopathy, and seizures. Neurological symptoms are associated with a more severe disease course, and up to a third of hospitalized children with COVID-19 require intensive care intervention. A rare and feared complication is multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), a serious condition that involves severe inflammation of different organs, including the brain. Treatment for MIS-C has not been validated and primarily consists of supportive care and immune modulation. Some children with a history of COVID-19 develop persistent symptoms, also known as long COVID. However, recent evidence suggests that long COVID symptoms appear as frequently as in children without a history of COVID-19. Similarly, birth during the pandemic, but not in utero exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2, is associated with differences in neurodevelopmental milestones. Almost 3 years into the pandemic, the evidence in children is limited. Large-scale studies with adequate pre- and post-pandemic control groups are needed to establish the associations between COVID-19 and short and long-term neurological complications.
AB - As of June 2022, children represent 18.9% of total cumulated cases of COVID-19 in the United States. While most children have mild symptoms, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect the central and peripheral nervous system function. The most common neurological symptoms in children with COVID-19 are headache, fatigue, anosmia, dysgeusia, and myalgia. In hospitalized children, the most common symptoms are headache, encephalopathy, and seizures. Neurological symptoms are associated with a more severe disease course, and up to a third of hospitalized children with COVID-19 require intensive care intervention. A rare and feared complication is multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), a serious condition that involves severe inflammation of different organs, including the brain. Treatment for MIS-C has not been validated and primarily consists of supportive care and immune modulation. Some children with a history of COVID-19 develop persistent symptoms, also known as long COVID. However, recent evidence suggests that long COVID symptoms appear as frequently as in children without a history of COVID-19. Similarly, birth during the pandemic, but not in utero exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2, is associated with differences in neurodevelopmental milestones. Almost 3 years into the pandemic, the evidence in children is limited. Large-scale studies with adequate pre- and post-pandemic control groups are needed to establish the associations between COVID-19 and short and long-term neurological complications.
U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-12-818872-9.00130-8
DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-818872-9.00130-8
M3 - Book chapter
SN - 9780128188736
SP - 168
EP - 179
BT - Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Health
PB - Elsevier
ER -
ID: 345685445