Headache is an increasingly common symptom among children and adolescents with a prevalence of 58.4%, and it may have profound impact on everyday life. A poorer prognosis is seen for children, who are not referred to specialist care, and long-term follow-up is shown to indicate a better outcome. A thorough headache history and a full neurological examination is vital to a correct diagnosis. The acute and prophylactic treatment is poorly studied, but acetaminophen and ibuprofen are first-line choices in acute treatment, and prophylactic treatment should be carried out by specialists.