Combining Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Infusion in an Integrated Device: A Narrative Review of Challenges and Proposed Solutions

Research output: Contribution to journalReviewResearchpeer-review

  • Michael Schoemaker
  • Anna Martensson
  • Julia K. Mader
  • Nørgaard, Kirsten
  • Guido Freckmann
  • Pierre Yves Benhamou
  • Peter Diem
  • Lutz Heinemann

The introduction of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems has enabled increasing numbers of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to improve their glycemic control largely. However, use of AID systems is limited due to their complexity and costs associated. The user must wear both a continuously monitoring glucose system and an insulin infusion pump. The glucose sensor and the insulin catheter must be inserted at two different body sites using different insertion devices. In addition, the user must pair and manage the different systems. These communicate with the AID software implemented on the pump or on a third device such as a dedicated display device or smart phone application. These components might be developed and commercialized by different manufacturers, which in turn can cause difficulties for patients seeking technical support. A possible solution to these challenges would be to integrate the glucose sensor and insulin catheter into a single device. This would allow the glucose sensor and insulin catheter to be inserted simultaneously, eliminating the need for pairing, and simplifying system management. In recent years, different technologies have been developed and evaluated in clinical investigations that combine the glucose sensor and the insulin catheter in one platform. The consistent finding of all these studies is that integration has no adverse effect on insulin infusion and glucose measurements provided that certain conditions are met. In this review, we discuss the perceived challenges of such an approach and discuss possible solutions that have been proposed.

Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Diabetes Science and Technology
ISSN1932-2968
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Diabetes Technology Society.

    Research areas

  • accuracy, automated insulin delivery, colocalization, continuous glucose monitoring, insulin delivery, integration

ID: 387794545