TY - JOUR

T1 - Association between Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Glaucoma in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

AU - Niazi, Siar

AU - Gnesin, Filip

AU - Thein, Anna-Sophie

AU - Andreasen, Jens R

AU - Horwitz, Anna

AU - Mouhammad, Zaynab A

AU - Jawad, Baker N

AU - Niazi, Zia

AU - Pourhadi, Nelsan

AU - Zareini, Bochra

AU - Meaidi, Amani

AU - Torp-Pedersen, Christian

AU - Kolko, Miriam

N1 - Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - PURPOSE: To examine the association between Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RA) use and the development of glaucoma in individuals with type 2 diabetes.DESIGN: Nationwide, nested case-control study.PARTICIPANTS: From a nationwide cohort of 264708 individuals, we identified 1,737 incident glaucoma cases and matched them to 8685 glaucoma-free controls, all aged above 21 years old and treated with metformin and a second-line antihyperglycemic drug formulation, with no history of glaucoma, eye trauma or eye surgery.METHODS: Cases were incidence density matched to five controls by birth year, sex, and date of second-line treatment initiation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for glaucoma, defined by first-time diagnosis, first-time use of glaucoma-specific medication, or first-time glaucoma-specific surgical intervention.RESULTS: Compared with the reference group, who received treatments other than GLP-1RA, individuals who were exposed to GLP-1RA treatment exhibited a lower risk of incident glaucoma (HR: 0.81, CI: 0.70 - 0.94, p = 0.006). Prolonged treatment extending beyond three years lowered the risk even further (HR: 0.71, CI: 0.55 - 0.91, p = 0.007). Treatment with GLP-1RA for 0 - 1 years (HR: 0.89, CI: 0.70 - 1.14, p = 0.35) and 1 - 3 years (HR: 0.85, CI: 0.67 - 1.06, p = 0.15) were not significant.CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1RA exposure was associated with a lower risk of developing glaucoma compared to receiving other second-line antihyperglycemic medication.

AB - PURPOSE: To examine the association between Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RA) use and the development of glaucoma in individuals with type 2 diabetes.DESIGN: Nationwide, nested case-control study.PARTICIPANTS: From a nationwide cohort of 264708 individuals, we identified 1,737 incident glaucoma cases and matched them to 8685 glaucoma-free controls, all aged above 21 years old and treated with metformin and a second-line antihyperglycemic drug formulation, with no history of glaucoma, eye trauma or eye surgery.METHODS: Cases were incidence density matched to five controls by birth year, sex, and date of second-line treatment initiation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for glaucoma, defined by first-time diagnosis, first-time use of glaucoma-specific medication, or first-time glaucoma-specific surgical intervention.RESULTS: Compared with the reference group, who received treatments other than GLP-1RA, individuals who were exposed to GLP-1RA treatment exhibited a lower risk of incident glaucoma (HR: 0.81, CI: 0.70 - 0.94, p = 0.006). Prolonged treatment extending beyond three years lowered the risk even further (HR: 0.71, CI: 0.55 - 0.91, p = 0.007). Treatment with GLP-1RA for 0 - 1 years (HR: 0.89, CI: 0.70 - 1.14, p = 0.35) and 1 - 3 years (HR: 0.85, CI: 0.67 - 1.06, p = 0.15) were not significant.CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1RA exposure was associated with a lower risk of developing glaucoma compared to receiving other second-line antihyperglycemic medication.

U2 - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.03.004

DO - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.03.004

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38490274

JO - Ophthalmology

JF - Ophthalmology

SN - 0161-6420

ER -