Early Life Events Predict Adult Testicular Function: Data Derived From the Western Australian (Raine) Birth Cohort
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Early Life Events Predict Adult Testicular Function : Data Derived From the Western Australian (Raine) Birth Cohort. / Hart, Roger J; Doherty, Dorota A; Keelan, Jeffrey A; McLachlan, Rob; Skakkebæk, Niels Erik; Norman, Robert J; Dickinson, Jan E; Pennell, Craig E; Newnham, John P; Hickey, Martha; Handelsman, David J.
In: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Vol. 101, No. 9, 09.2016, p. 3333-3344.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Early Life Events Predict Adult Testicular Function
T2 - Data Derived From the Western Australian (Raine) Birth Cohort
AU - Hart, Roger J
AU - Doherty, Dorota A
AU - Keelan, Jeffrey A
AU - McLachlan, Rob
AU - Skakkebæk, Niels Erik
AU - Norman, Robert J
AU - Dickinson, Jan E
AU - Pennell, Craig E
AU - Newnham, John P
AU - Hickey, Martha
AU - Handelsman, David J
PY - 2016/9
Y1 - 2016/9
N2 - CONTEXT: The impact of early life events on testicular function in adulthood is not well understood.OBJECTIVE: To study the early influences of fetal growth, exposures to cigarette smoke in utero and cord blood estrogens, and the influences of growth and adiposity in childhood through adolescence; on testicular function in adulthood.DESIGN: Male members of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) were contacted at 20-22 years of age. Of 913 contacted, 423 (56%) agreed to participate; 404 underwent a testicular ultrasound, 365 provided a semen sample, and reproductive hormones were measured (384). Fetal growth measurements (n = 137), umbilical cord estrogen concentrations (n = 128), cord testosterone (T) (n = 125), and child-adulthood growth charts (n = 395) were available.RESULTS: Median sperm output for the 18.6% of men exposed in utero to smoking was lower than nonexposed (82.4 × 10(6) vs 123.1 × 10(6); P = .029). Sperm output in adulthood was inversely correlated with cord serum estradiol (P = .019) and estrone (P = .018). The sperm output of men whose cord blood estradiol and estrone were less than 50th percentile vs more than 50th percentile was 191.1 × 10(6) vs 100.5 × 10(6) (P = .002) and 190.0 × 10(6) vs 106.0 × 10(6) (P = .012), respectively. Men with favorable fetal growth patterns in utero were less likely to have total motile sperm counts within the lowest quartile (P = .011), and men born prematurely had reduced serum T levels in adulthood (13.4 vs 16.6nmol/L, P = .024). Consistent height above the 50th percentile for age through childhood was associated with larger adult mean testicular volume (P < .001). Optimal body mass index trajectory through childhood and adolescence was associated with larger testicular volume (P = .009) and higher serum inhibin B (P = .010) and T (P = .003) in adulthood.CONCLUSIONS: Exposures to maternal smoking and higher cord blood estrogens at delivery were associated with a reduced sperm output in adulthood. Optimal adult testicular function depends on being born at or above average weight, and maintaining optimal growth and adiposity into adulthood.
AB - CONTEXT: The impact of early life events on testicular function in adulthood is not well understood.OBJECTIVE: To study the early influences of fetal growth, exposures to cigarette smoke in utero and cord blood estrogens, and the influences of growth and adiposity in childhood through adolescence; on testicular function in adulthood.DESIGN: Male members of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) were contacted at 20-22 years of age. Of 913 contacted, 423 (56%) agreed to participate; 404 underwent a testicular ultrasound, 365 provided a semen sample, and reproductive hormones were measured (384). Fetal growth measurements (n = 137), umbilical cord estrogen concentrations (n = 128), cord testosterone (T) (n = 125), and child-adulthood growth charts (n = 395) were available.RESULTS: Median sperm output for the 18.6% of men exposed in utero to smoking was lower than nonexposed (82.4 × 10(6) vs 123.1 × 10(6); P = .029). Sperm output in adulthood was inversely correlated with cord serum estradiol (P = .019) and estrone (P = .018). The sperm output of men whose cord blood estradiol and estrone were less than 50th percentile vs more than 50th percentile was 191.1 × 10(6) vs 100.5 × 10(6) (P = .002) and 190.0 × 10(6) vs 106.0 × 10(6) (P = .012), respectively. Men with favorable fetal growth patterns in utero were less likely to have total motile sperm counts within the lowest quartile (P = .011), and men born prematurely had reduced serum T levels in adulthood (13.4 vs 16.6nmol/L, P = .024). Consistent height above the 50th percentile for age through childhood was associated with larger adult mean testicular volume (P < .001). Optimal body mass index trajectory through childhood and adolescence was associated with larger testicular volume (P = .009) and higher serum inhibin B (P = .010) and T (P = .003) in adulthood.CONCLUSIONS: Exposures to maternal smoking and higher cord blood estrogens at delivery were associated with a reduced sperm output in adulthood. Optimal adult testicular function depends on being born at or above average weight, and maintaining optimal growth and adiposity into adulthood.
KW - Journal Article
U2 - 10.1210/jc.2016-1646
DO - 10.1210/jc.2016-1646
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 27340882
VL - 101
SP - 3333
EP - 3344
JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
SN - 0021-972X
IS - 9
ER -
ID: 177374157