Prenatal exposure to phenols and benzophenones in relation to markers of male reproductive function in adulthood
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Prenatal exposure to phenols and benzophenones in relation to markers of male reproductive function in adulthood. / Holmboe, Stine A.; Scheutz Henriksen, Louise; Frederiksen, Hanne; Andersson, Anna Maria; Priskorn, Lærke; Jørgensen, Niels; Juul, Anders; Toppari, Jorma; Skakkebæk, Niels E.; Main, Katharina M.
In: Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol. 13, 1071761, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Prenatal exposure to phenols and benzophenones in relation to markers of male reproductive function in adulthood
AU - Holmboe, Stine A.
AU - Scheutz Henriksen, Louise
AU - Frederiksen, Hanne
AU - Andersson, Anna Maria
AU - Priskorn, Lærke
AU - Jørgensen, Niels
AU - Juul, Anders
AU - Toppari, Jorma
AU - Skakkebæk, Niels E.
AU - Main, Katharina M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Holmboe, Scheutz Henriksen, Frederiksen, Andersson, Priskorn, Jørgensen, Juul, Toppari, Skakkebæk and Main.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Introduction: Environmental exposure during fetal life may disrupt testicular development. In humans, a limited number of studies have investigated whether these adverse effects persist into adulthood. Using data from a prospective, population-based birth cohort study, The Copenhagen Mother-Child cohort, the objective was to assess if there is an association between fetal exposure to selected phenols and benzophenones and markers of testicular function in adult men. Methods: Pregnant women were recruited in 1997–2001. Their sons were examined clinically at 18-20 years of age, with focus on adult markers of reproductive function (anogenital distance (AGD), semen quality and reproductive hormones). In total, 101 18–20-year-old men were included, whose mothers during pregnancy had a serum sample drawn and analyzed for bisphenol A (BPA) and seven other simple phenols, as well as six benzophenones. To investigate the association between chemical levels (in tertiles, T1-T3) in relation to markers of reproductive function, univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: In fully adjusted analyses, increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were observed with higher fetal exposure to BPA (percentage difference (95%CI)) (T2: 12% (-8%,36%) and T3: 33% (10%,62%), compared to T1) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) (T2: 21% (-2%,49%), T3: 18% (-4%,45%)), while no clear association was seen to total testosterone (TT). Higher levels of BPA and BP-3 were associated with a lower TT/LH ratio, although only significant for BPA (p-trend=0.01). No associations were seen to AGD or markers of semen quality. Conclusion: In conclusion, high exposure to BPA and BP-3 was associated with a compensated reduced Leydig cell function but no other changes in markers of reproductive health. As maternal levels of BPA and BP-3 were not correlated, separate effects may be at play. Larger studies on long-term reproductive consequences of prenatal exposures are warranted to validate our findings.
AB - Introduction: Environmental exposure during fetal life may disrupt testicular development. In humans, a limited number of studies have investigated whether these adverse effects persist into adulthood. Using data from a prospective, population-based birth cohort study, The Copenhagen Mother-Child cohort, the objective was to assess if there is an association between fetal exposure to selected phenols and benzophenones and markers of testicular function in adult men. Methods: Pregnant women were recruited in 1997–2001. Their sons were examined clinically at 18-20 years of age, with focus on adult markers of reproductive function (anogenital distance (AGD), semen quality and reproductive hormones). In total, 101 18–20-year-old men were included, whose mothers during pregnancy had a serum sample drawn and analyzed for bisphenol A (BPA) and seven other simple phenols, as well as six benzophenones. To investigate the association between chemical levels (in tertiles, T1-T3) in relation to markers of reproductive function, univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: In fully adjusted analyses, increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were observed with higher fetal exposure to BPA (percentage difference (95%CI)) (T2: 12% (-8%,36%) and T3: 33% (10%,62%), compared to T1) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) (T2: 21% (-2%,49%), T3: 18% (-4%,45%)), while no clear association was seen to total testosterone (TT). Higher levels of BPA and BP-3 were associated with a lower TT/LH ratio, although only significant for BPA (p-trend=0.01). No associations were seen to AGD or markers of semen quality. Conclusion: In conclusion, high exposure to BPA and BP-3 was associated with a compensated reduced Leydig cell function but no other changes in markers of reproductive health. As maternal levels of BPA and BP-3 were not correlated, separate effects may be at play. Larger studies on long-term reproductive consequences of prenatal exposures are warranted to validate our findings.
KW - benzophenone-3
KW - bisphenol A
KW - endocrine disruption
KW - male reproductive health
KW - prenatal exposure
KW - reproductive hormones
U2 - 10.3389/fendo.2022.1071761
DO - 10.3389/fendo.2022.1071761
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36568115
AN - SCOPUS:85144937428
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Endocrinology
JF - Frontiers in Endocrinology
SN - 1664-2392
M1 - 1071761
ER -
ID: 335698127