This review summarises the current reconstructive urological procedures seeking to optimise urinary tractfunction. This includes nephrectomy to avoid complications in non-functioning kidneys and reconstruction of uretero-pelvic junction stenosis. Re-implantation of the ureters is indicated in case of reflux or stenosis. Thetechnique depends on the defect and ranges from re-implantation to transplantation of the kidney into thepelvis. Intestine is used for bladder augmentation or to create a new reservoir. Urethral reconstruction is usedfor complicated strictures, while penile reconstruction includes insertion of implants and straighteningprocedures.