Objective
To investigate possible associations between serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) concentration and semen quality in infertile men. Studies investigating the associations between serum AMH concentration and semen quality in infertile men have shown conflicting results.

Design
Infertile men were included during screening for participation in the First in Treating Male Infertility Study, a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 1:1, single-center randomized controlled trial.

Setting
Not applicable.

Patients
At the screening visit, 400 participants produced a semen sample and had their serum analyzed for AMH concentration.

Intervention
Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures
Serum AMH concentration and semen quality.

Results
All men were stratified according to serum AMH concentrations in quartiles (Q1–Q4). Men in the lowest quartile had a lower sperm concentration (1 × 106/mL) (Q1: 8.0 vs. Q2: 10.4 vs. Q3: 11.0 vs. Q4: 13.0), total sperm count (1 × 106) (Q1: 29.1 vs. Q2: 38.2 vs. Q3: 44.4 vs. Q4: 55.7), sperm motility (%) (Q1: 41 vs. Q2: 57 vs. Q3: 50 vs. Q4: 53), and progressive sperm motility (%) (Q1: 31 vs. Q2: 44 vs. Q3: 35 vs. Q4: 40) compared with the other quartiles. Moreover, men with a sperm concentration <2 million/mL had a lower serum AMH concentration compared with men having 2–16 × 106 /mL and >16 × 106/mL (31 pmol/L vs. 38 pmol/L vs. 43 pmol/L, respectively). In accordance, men with sperm motility <20% had a lower serum AMH concentration compared with men with sperm motility 20%–42%, and >42% (31 pmol/L vs. 43 pmol/L. vs. 39 pmol/L, respectively).

Conclusion
This study shows that low serum AMH concentration is associated with poor semen quality in infertile men, which implies that serum AMH concentration may have clinical value during the evaluation of male infertility.