TY - JOUR

T1 - Sociodemographic and lifestyle-related risk factors for identifying vulnerable groups for type 2 diabetes

T2 - A narrative review with emphasis on data from Europe

AU - Kyrou, Ioannis

AU - Tsigos, Constantine

AU - Mavrogianni, Christina

AU - Cardon, Greet

AU - Van Stappen, Vicky

AU - Latomme, Julie

AU - Kivelä, Jemina

AU - Wikström, Katja

AU - Tsochev, Kaloyan

AU - Nanasi, Anna

AU - Semanova, Csilla

AU - Mateo-Gallego, Roció

AU - Lamiquiz-Moneo, Itziar

AU - Dafoulas, George

AU - Timpel, Patrick

AU - Schwarz, Peter E.H.

AU - Iotova, Violeta

AU - Tankova, Tsvetalina

AU - Makrilakis, Konstantinos

AU - Manios, Yannis

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) comprises the vast majority of all diabetes cases in adults, with alarmingly increasing prevalence over the past few decades worldwide. A particularly heavy healthcare burden of diabetes is noted in Europe, where 8.8% of the population aged 20-79 years is estimated to have diabetes according to the International Diabetes Federation. Multiple risk factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM with complex underlying interplay and intricate gene-environment interactions. Thus, intense research has been focused on studying the role of T2DM risk factors and on identifying vulnerable groups for T2DM in the general population which can then be targeted for prevention interventions. Methods: For this narrative review, we conducted a comprehensive search of the existing literature on T2DM risk factors, focusing on studies in adult cohorts from European countries which were published in English after January 2000. Results: Multiple lifestyle-related and sociodemographic factors were identified as related to high T2DM risk, including age, ethnicity, family history, low socioeconomic status, obesity, metabolic syndrome and each of its components, as well as certain unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. As Europe has an increasingly aging population, multiple migrant and ethnic minority groups and significant socioeconomic diversity both within and across different countries, this review focuses not only on modifiable T2DM risk factors, but also on the impact of pertinent demographic and socioeconomic factors. Conclusion: In addition to other T2DM risk factors, low socioeconomic status can significantly increase the risk for prediabetes and T2DM, but is often overlooked. In multinational and multicultural regions such as Europe, a holistic approach, which will take into account both traditional and socioeconomic/socioecological factors, is becoming increasingly crucial in order to implement multidimensional public health programs and integrated community-based interventions for effective T2DM prevention.

AB - Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) comprises the vast majority of all diabetes cases in adults, with alarmingly increasing prevalence over the past few decades worldwide. A particularly heavy healthcare burden of diabetes is noted in Europe, where 8.8% of the population aged 20-79 years is estimated to have diabetes according to the International Diabetes Federation. Multiple risk factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM with complex underlying interplay and intricate gene-environment interactions. Thus, intense research has been focused on studying the role of T2DM risk factors and on identifying vulnerable groups for T2DM in the general population which can then be targeted for prevention interventions. Methods: For this narrative review, we conducted a comprehensive search of the existing literature on T2DM risk factors, focusing on studies in adult cohorts from European countries which were published in English after January 2000. Results: Multiple lifestyle-related and sociodemographic factors were identified as related to high T2DM risk, including age, ethnicity, family history, low socioeconomic status, obesity, metabolic syndrome and each of its components, as well as certain unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. As Europe has an increasingly aging population, multiple migrant and ethnic minority groups and significant socioeconomic diversity both within and across different countries, this review focuses not only on modifiable T2DM risk factors, but also on the impact of pertinent demographic and socioeconomic factors. Conclusion: In addition to other T2DM risk factors, low socioeconomic status can significantly increase the risk for prediabetes and T2DM, but is often overlooked. In multinational and multicultural regions such as Europe, a holistic approach, which will take into account both traditional and socioeconomic/socioecological factors, is becoming increasingly crucial in order to implement multidimensional public health programs and integrated community-based interventions for effective T2DM prevention.

KW - Diet

KW - Ethnicity

KW - Lifestyle

KW - Obesity

KW - Risk factors

KW - Socioeconomic status

KW - Type 2 diabetes

U2 - 10.1186/s12902-019-0463-3

DO - 10.1186/s12902-019-0463-3

M3 - Review

C2 - 32164656

AN - SCOPUS:85081908158

VL - 20

JO - BMC Endocrine Disorders

JF - BMC Endocrine Disorders

SN - 1472-6823

M1 - 134

ER -