Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) is highly prevalent in the western part of the world. Patients with HPV-induced OPSCC are often younger and have a much better prognosis than patients with HPV-negative OPSCC. The newly introduced transoral robotic surgery offers the ability to perform en bloc tumour resection with good margin control. It may be an alternative to the traditional radiation therapy for early-stage OPSCC. A Danish randomised clinical trial is now aiming at comparing these two treatments with a focus on long-term functional outcomes.