Common Genetic Variation and Age of Onset of Anorexia Nervosa
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Genetics and biology may influence the age of onset of anorexia nervosa (AN). The aims of this study were to determine whether common genetic variation contributes to age of onset of AN and to investigate the genetic associations between age of onset of AN and age at menarche.
Methods
A secondary analysis of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AN was performed, which included 9335 cases and 31,981 screened controls, all from European ancestries. We conducted GWASs of age of onset, early-onset AN (<13 years), and typical-onset AN, and genetic correlation, genetic risk score, and Mendelian randomization analyses.
Results
Two loci were genome-wide significant in the typical-onset AN GWAS. Heritability estimates (single nucleotide polymorphism–h2) were 0.01–0.04 for age of onset, 0.16–0.25 for early-onset AN, and 0.17–0.25 for typical-onset AN. Early- and typical-onset AN showed distinct genetic correlation patterns with putative risk factors for AN. Specifically, early-onset AN was significantly genetically correlated with younger age at menarche, and typical-onset AN was significantly negatively genetically correlated with anthropometric traits. Genetic risk scores for age of onset and early-onset AN estimated from independent GWASs significantly predicted age of onset. Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal link between younger age at menarche and early-onset AN.
Conclusions
Our results provide evidence consistent with a common variant genetic basis for age of onset and implicate biological pathways regulating menarche and reproduction.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science |
| Vol/bind | 2 |
| Udgave nummer | 4 |
| Sider (fra-til) | 368-378 |
| Antal sider | 11 |
| ISSN | 2667-1743 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2022 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
The PGC is supported by funding from the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant Nos. U01MH109528 and U01MH109514). Statistical analyses were carried out on the Genetic Cluster Computer (http://www.geneticcluster.org) hosted by SURFsara and financially supported by the Netherlands Scientific Organization (Grant No. NWO 480-05-003, principal investigator: Posthuma) along with a supplement from the Dutch Brain Foundation and the VU University Amsterdam. This content is the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the views of the funding bodies. We are deeply thankful to the thousands of individuals who contributed their time and biological samples, and to the many collaborators who helped to collate these samples over the years. We are extremely grateful to members of the Eating Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium for their contributions, efforts, and leadership (see Supplemental Appendix in Supplement 1). We thank the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative, which is an initiative of the Klarman Family Foundation. We thank the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, the Price Foundation Collaborative Group, Genetic Consortium for Anorexia Nervosa, and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium-3. We thank the Stockholm Centre for Eating Disorders (SCÄ), the Swedish National Quality Register for Eating Disorders (Riksät), and Lifegene for their support of Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative Sweden. We also thank the QSkin Sun and Health Study for control samples. OAA is a consultant for HealthLytix. CMB is a grant recipient from Shire Pharmaceuticals and served on Shire Scientific Advisory Board; she receives royalties from Pearson. All other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
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