Genome-wide analyses of ADHD identify 27 risk loci, refine the genetic architecture and implicate several cognitive domains: [Inkl. Correction]

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  • Ditte Demontis
  • G. Bragi Walters
  • Georgios Athanasiadis
  • Raymond Walters
  • Karen Therrien
  • Trine Tollerup Nielsen
  • Leila Farajzadeh
  • Georgios Voloudakis
  • Jaroslav Bendl
  • Biau Zeng
  • Wen Zhang
  • Jakob Grove
  • Thomas D. Als
  • Jinjie Duan
  • F. Kyle Satterstrom
  • Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
  • Marie Bækved-Hansen
  • Olafur O. Gudmundsson
  • Sigurdur H. Magnusson
  • Gisli Baldursson
  • Katrin Davidsdottir
  • Gyda S. Haraldsdottir
  • Esben Agerbo
  • Gabriel E. Hoffman
  • Dalsgaard, Søren
  • Joanna Martin
  • Marta Ribasés
  • Dorret I. Boomsma
  • Maria Soler Artigas
  • Nina Roth Mota
  • Daniel Howrigan
  • Sarah E. Medland
  • Tetyana Zayats
  • Veera M. Rajagopal
  • Alexandra Havdahl
  • Alysa Doyle
  • Andreas Reif
  • Anita Thapar
  • Bru Cormand
  • Calwing Liao
  • Christie Burton
  • Claiton H.D. Bau
  • Diego Luiz Rovaris
  • Edmund Sonuga-Barke
  • Elizabeth Corfield
  • Eugenio Horacio Grevet
  • Henrik Larsson
  • Ian R. Gizer
  • Nordentoft, Merete
  • Werge, Thomas
  • ADHD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
  • iPSYCH-Broad Consortium

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a major genetic component. Here, we present a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of ADHD comprising 38,691 individuals with ADHD and 186,843 controls. We identified 27 genome-wide significant loci, highlighting 76 potential risk genes enriched among genes expressed particularly in early brain development. Overall, ADHD genetic risk was associated with several brain-specific neuronal subtypes and midbrain dopaminergic neurons. In exome-sequencing data from 17,896 individuals, we identified an increased load of rare protein-truncating variants in ADHD for a set of risk genes enriched with probable causal common variants, potentially implicating SORCS3 in ADHD by both common and rare variants. Bivariate Gaussian mixture modeling estimated that 84–98% of ADHD-influencing variants are shared with other psychiatric disorders. In addition, common-variant ADHD risk was associated with impaired complex cognition such as verbal reasoning and a range of executive functions, including attention.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftNature Genetics
Vol/bind55
Sider (fra-til)198–208
Antal sider18
ISSN1061-4036
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2023

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
We thank additional members of the ADHD working group of the PGC who are not named as coauthors under the working group banner for their contributions. D.D. was supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF20OC0065561), the Lundbeck Foundation (R344-2020-1060) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 965381 (TIMESPAN). The iPSYCH team was supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation (R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003), National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (1U01MH109514-01 and 1R01MH124851-01 to A.D.B.) and the Universities and University Hospitals of Aarhus and Copenhagen. The Danish National Biobank resource was supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. High-performance computer capacity for handling and statistical analysis of iPSYCH data on the GenomeDK HPC facility was provided by the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Denmark (grant to A.D.B.). Research reported in this publication was supported by the NIMH of the NIH under award number R01MH124851. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. B.F. was also supported by funding from the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Programme (H2020/2014 – 2020) under grant agreements no. 728018 (Eat2beNICE) and no. 847879 (PRIME). B.F. also received relevant funding from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research for the Dutch National Science Agenda NeurolabNL project (grant 400-17-602). S.E.M. was funded by National Health and Medical Research Council grants APP1172917, APP1158125 and APP1103623. This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI19/01224, PI20/0004); by the Pla Estratègic de Recerca i Innovació en Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya (METAL-Cat; SLT006/17/287); by the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR1461), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (IJC2018-035346-I to M.S.A.); by the European Regional Development Fund and by ‘la Marató de TV3’ (092330/31) and the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Network ‘ADHD across the Lifespan’ ( https://www.ecnp.eu/researchinnovation/ECNP-networks/List-ECNP-Networks/ ). T.Z. was funded by NIH, grant no. R37MH107649-07S1 and by Research Council of Norway, NRC, Grant No. 288083. This study was also supported by the NIH, Bethesda, MD, under award numbers T32MH087004 (to K.T.), K08MH122911 (to G.V.), R01MH125246 (to P.R.) and U01MH116442 (to P.R.).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.

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