Reduced cortical volume of the default mode network in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder

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  • Johannah Bashford-Largo
  • Ru Zhang
  • Avantika Mathur
  • Jaimie Elowsky
  • Amanda Schwartz
  • Matthew Dobbertin
  • Blair, James
  • Karina S. Blair
  • Sahil Bajaj

Background: Widespread structural alterations have been shown to be implicated in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, there have been inconsistent findings in cortical volume (CV) differences. Most structural neuroimaging studies looking at GAD used region-based approach with relatively small sample sizes, let alone be specific to adolescents with GAD. We believe this is the first study to look at CV measures using a network-based approach in a larger sample of adolescents with GAD. The goal of the current study was to focus on three different brain networks (i.e., Limbic, Frontoparietal, and Default Mode Network [DMN]) in adolescents with GAD. Method: The study involved 81 adolescents with GAD and 112 typically developing (TD) comparison individuals matched on age (15.98 and 15.63 respective means), sex (42F/39M and 45F/67M), and IQ (101.90 and 103.94 respective means). Participants underwent structural MRI. Freesurfer was used to estimate CV (both network-specific and region-specific within networks) and region-specific sub-cortical volume measures. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA; with sex, age, IQ, and intracranial volume [ICV] as potential covariates) was used to estimate group differences. Results: We found significantly lower CV for the DMN in adolescents with GAD, compared with TD individuals. Adolescents with GAD also showed significantly lower hemispheric mean CV of the default-mode regions (particularly the prefrontal and temporal regions) and the hippocampus, compared with TD individuals. Conclusion: The current findings suggest structural alterations in adolescents with GAD. These structural alterations will need to be addressed when implementing and developing treatments for patients with GAD.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftDepression and Anxiety
Vol/bind39
Udgave nummer6
Sider (fra-til)485-495
Antal sider11
ISSN1091-4269
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2022

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
This study was in part supported by the National Institute of Mental Health under award number K22‐MH109558 (R. J. R. B.). The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. We would like to thank Ron Copsey, Kim VanHorn, Michael Wright, Mark Timm, Michelle Kelly, and Sarah Johnson for their contributions to data collection.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors. Depression and Anxiety published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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