Treatment of patients with perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor-¿ full agonists are associated with weight gain, heart failure, peripheral oedema, and bone loss. However, the safety of partial perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor-¿ agonists has not been established in a clinical trial. The BALaglitazone glucose Lowering Efficacy Trial aimed to establish the glucose-lowering effects and safety parameters of the perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor-¿ partial agonist balaglitazone in diabetic patients on stable insulin therapy.