Revisiting the role of glucagon in health, diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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Revisiting the role of glucagon in health, diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. / Hædersdal, Sofie; Andersen, Andreas; Knop, Filip K.; Vilsbøll, Tina.
I: Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Bind 19, Nr. 6, 2023, s. 321-335.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Revisiting the role of glucagon in health, diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases
AU - Hædersdal, Sofie
AU - Andersen, Andreas
AU - Knop, Filip K.
AU - Vilsbøll, Tina
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023, Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Insulin and glucagon exert opposing effects on glucose metabolism and, consequently, pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells are considered functional antagonists. The intra-islet hypothesis has previously dominated the understanding of glucagon secretion, stating that insulin acts to inhibit the release of glucagon. By contrast, glucagon is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion and has been used to test β-cell function. Over the past decade, α-cells have received increasing attention due to their ability to stimulate insulin secretion from neighbouring β-cells, and α-cell–β-cell crosstalk has proven central for glucose homeostasis in vivo. Glucagon is not only the counter-regulatory hormone to insulin in glucose metabolism but also glucagon secretion is more susceptible to changes in the plasma concentration of certain amino acids than to changes in plasma concentrations of glucose. Thus, the actions of glucagon also include a central role in amino acid turnover and hepatic fat oxidation. This Review provides insights into glucagon secretion, with a focus on the local paracrine actions on glucagon and the importance of α-cell–β-cell crosstalk. We focus on dysregulated glucagon secretion in obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lastly, the future potential of targeting hyperglucagonaemia and applying dual and triple receptor agonists with glucagon receptor-activating properties in combination with incretin hormone receptor agonism is discussed.
AB - Insulin and glucagon exert opposing effects on glucose metabolism and, consequently, pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells are considered functional antagonists. The intra-islet hypothesis has previously dominated the understanding of glucagon secretion, stating that insulin acts to inhibit the release of glucagon. By contrast, glucagon is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion and has been used to test β-cell function. Over the past decade, α-cells have received increasing attention due to their ability to stimulate insulin secretion from neighbouring β-cells, and α-cell–β-cell crosstalk has proven central for glucose homeostasis in vivo. Glucagon is not only the counter-regulatory hormone to insulin in glucose metabolism but also glucagon secretion is more susceptible to changes in the plasma concentration of certain amino acids than to changes in plasma concentrations of glucose. Thus, the actions of glucagon also include a central role in amino acid turnover and hepatic fat oxidation. This Review provides insights into glucagon secretion, with a focus on the local paracrine actions on glucagon and the importance of α-cell–β-cell crosstalk. We focus on dysregulated glucagon secretion in obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lastly, the future potential of targeting hyperglucagonaemia and applying dual and triple receptor agonists with glucagon receptor-activating properties in combination with incretin hormone receptor agonism is discussed.
U2 - 10.1038/s41574-023-00817-4
DO - 10.1038/s41574-023-00817-4
M3 - Review
C2 - 36932176
AN - SCOPUS:85150035116
VL - 19
SP - 321
EP - 335
JO - Nature reviews. Endocrinology
JF - Nature reviews. Endocrinology
SN - 1759-5029
IS - 6
ER -
ID: 340695991