TY - JOUR

T1 - Remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation jointly in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

T2 - Implications for clinical trials

AU - Elías-López, Daniel

AU - Doi, Takahito

AU - Nordestgaard, Børge G.

AU - Kobylecki, Camilla J.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Purpose of reviewAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death despite the development of effective treatments. Recently, elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation have emerged as factors explaining part of the residual ASCVD risk. Interestingly, the coexistence of both high remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation can further increase the risk of ASCVD. The aim of this review is to describe the role of elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation, separately and combined, in ASCVD.Recent findingsResults from recently published studies, including observational and genetic Mendelian randomization studies, support a causal relationship between elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation on risk of ASCVD in both primary and secondary prevention settings. In addition, current evidence from observational studies suggests that the coexistence of elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation further increases the risk of ASCVD.SummaryRecent observational studies suggest that high remnant cholesterol combined with low-grade inflammation may confer a particular high risk for ASCVD. Attention on the dual threat from high remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation is necessary, and further research in this field is warranted. The effect of remnant cholesterol-lowering drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs on ASCVD risk alone and combined remains to be elucidated.Video abstracthttp://links.lww.com/COCN/A20.

AB - Purpose of reviewAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death despite the development of effective treatments. Recently, elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation have emerged as factors explaining part of the residual ASCVD risk. Interestingly, the coexistence of both high remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation can further increase the risk of ASCVD. The aim of this review is to describe the role of elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation, separately and combined, in ASCVD.Recent findingsResults from recently published studies, including observational and genetic Mendelian randomization studies, support a causal relationship between elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation on risk of ASCVD in both primary and secondary prevention settings. In addition, current evidence from observational studies suggests that the coexistence of elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation further increases the risk of ASCVD.SummaryRecent observational studies suggest that high remnant cholesterol combined with low-grade inflammation may confer a particular high risk for ASCVD. Attention on the dual threat from high remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation is necessary, and further research in this field is warranted. The effect of remnant cholesterol-lowering drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs on ASCVD risk alone and combined remains to be elucidated.Video abstracthttp://links.lww.com/COCN/A20.

KW - C-reactive protein

KW - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

KW - triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

KW - triglycerides

KW - very low-density lipoprotein

U2 - 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000999

DO - 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000999

M3 - Review

C2 - 38320159

AN - SCOPUS:85184535944

VL - 27

SP - 125

EP - 135

JO - Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

JF - Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

SN - 1363-1950

IS - 2

ER -