TY - JOUR

T1 - Smoking as the most important risk factor for chronic pancreatitis in the general population

AU - Hansen, Signe E.J.

AU - Nordestgaard, Børge G.

AU - Langsted, Anne

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023, Springer Nature B.V.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - We tested the hypothesis that six toxic risk factors from the TIGAR-O classification system are equally important for risk of chronic pancreatitis, at the level of the individual patient and in the general population. 108,438 women and men aged 20–100 years participating in the Copenhagen General Population Study from 2003 to 2015 were included. Associations of smoking, alcohol intake, waist/hip ratio, kidney function, plasma triglycerides, plasma Ca2+, and diseases within the causal pathway with risk of chronic pancreatitis, and corresponding population attributable risks were estimated. Information on chronic pancreatitis was from national Danish health registries. During median 9 years (range: 0–15) of follow-up, 313 individuals had a first diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis; the incidence of chronic pancreatitis per 10,000 person-years were 3.1 overall, 2.8 in women, and 3.5 in men. Of the six toxic risk factors and relative to individuals with low values, individuals in the top 5% had hazard ratios for chronic pancreatitis of 3.1(95% CI 2.1–4.5) for pack-years smoked, 2.5(1.5–4.0) for alcohol intake, and 1.6(1.1–2.6) for plasma triglycerides. Corresponding values versus those without the baseline disease were 12.6 (7.9–20.2) for acute pancreatitis, 1.9 (1.2–2.8) for gallstone disease, and 1.9 (1.3–2.7) for diabetes mellitus. The highest population attributable fractions were for women (1) ever smoking (31%), (2) gallstone disease (5%), and (3) diabetes mellitus (4%), and for men (1) ever smoking (38%), (2) acute pancreatitis (7%)/high alcohol intake (7%), and (3) high plasma triglycerides (5%). Smoking is the most important risk factor for chronic pancreatitis in the general population.

AB - We tested the hypothesis that six toxic risk factors from the TIGAR-O classification system are equally important for risk of chronic pancreatitis, at the level of the individual patient and in the general population. 108,438 women and men aged 20–100 years participating in the Copenhagen General Population Study from 2003 to 2015 were included. Associations of smoking, alcohol intake, waist/hip ratio, kidney function, plasma triglycerides, plasma Ca2+, and diseases within the causal pathway with risk of chronic pancreatitis, and corresponding population attributable risks were estimated. Information on chronic pancreatitis was from national Danish health registries. During median 9 years (range: 0–15) of follow-up, 313 individuals had a first diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis; the incidence of chronic pancreatitis per 10,000 person-years were 3.1 overall, 2.8 in women, and 3.5 in men. Of the six toxic risk factors and relative to individuals with low values, individuals in the top 5% had hazard ratios for chronic pancreatitis of 3.1(95% CI 2.1–4.5) for pack-years smoked, 2.5(1.5–4.0) for alcohol intake, and 1.6(1.1–2.6) for plasma triglycerides. Corresponding values versus those without the baseline disease were 12.6 (7.9–20.2) for acute pancreatitis, 1.9 (1.2–2.8) for gallstone disease, and 1.9 (1.3–2.7) for diabetes mellitus. The highest population attributable fractions were for women (1) ever smoking (31%), (2) gallstone disease (5%), and (3) diabetes mellitus (4%), and for men (1) ever smoking (38%), (2) acute pancreatitis (7%)/high alcohol intake (7%), and (3) high plasma triglycerides (5%). Smoking is the most important risk factor for chronic pancreatitis in the general population.

KW - Cohort study

KW - Epidemiology

KW - Gastroenterology

KW - Pancreas

KW - Pancreatitis

KW - Prevention

KW - Smoking

U2 - 10.1007/s10654-022-00945-7

DO - 10.1007/s10654-022-00945-7

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 36593333

AN - SCOPUS:85145268854

VL - 38

SP - 95

EP - 107

JO - European Journal of Epidemiology

JF - European Journal of Epidemiology

SN - 0393-2990

ER -