TY - JOUR

T1 - Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis

AU - Petzold, Axel

AU - Fraser, Clare L.

AU - Abegg, Mathias

AU - Alroughani, Raed

AU - Alshowaeir, Daniah

AU - Alvarenga, Regina

AU - Andris, Cécile

AU - Asgari, Nasrin

AU - Barnett, Yael

AU - Battistella, Roberto

AU - Behbehani, Raed

AU - Berger, Thomas

AU - Bikbov, Mukharram M.

AU - Biotti, Damien

AU - Biousse, Valerie

AU - Boschi, Antonella

AU - Brazdil, Milan

AU - Brezhnev, Andrei

AU - Calabresi, Peter A.

AU - Cordonnier, Monique

AU - Costello, Fiona

AU - Cruz, Franz M.

AU - Cunha, Leonardo Provetti

AU - Daoudi, Smail

AU - Deschamps, Romain

AU - de Seze, Jerome

AU - Diem, Ricarda

AU - Etemadifar, Masoud

AU - Flores-Rivera, Jose

AU - Fonseca, Pedro

AU - Frederiksen, Jette

AU - Frohman, Elliot

AU - Frohman, Teresa

AU - Tilikete, Caroline Froment

AU - Fujihara, Kazuo

AU - Gálvez, Alberto

AU - Gouider, Riadh

AU - Gracia, Fernando

AU - Grigoriadis, Nikolaos

AU - Guajardo, José M.

AU - Habek, Mario

AU - Hawlina, Marko

AU - Martínez-Lapiscina, Elena H.

AU - Hooker, Juzar

AU - Hor, Jyh Yung

AU - Howlett, William

AU - Huang-Link, Yumin

AU - Idrissova, Zhannat

AU - Illes, Zsolt

AU - Jancic, Jasna

AU - Jindahra, Panitha

AU - Karussis, Dimitrios

AU - Kerty, Emilia

AU - Kim, Ho Jin

AU - Lagrèze, Wolf

AU - Leocani, Letizia

AU - Levin, Netta

AU - Liskova, Petra

AU - Liu, Yaou

AU - Maiga, Youssoufa

AU - Marignier, Romain

AU - McGuigan, Chris

AU - Meira, Dália

AU - Merle, Harold

AU - Monteiro, Mário L.R.

AU - Moodley, Anand

AU - Moura, Frederico

AU - Muñoz, Silvia

AU - Mustafa, Sharik

AU - Nakashima, Ichiro

AU - Noval, Susana

AU - Oehninger, Carlos

AU - Ogun, Olufunmilola

AU - Omoti, Afekhide

AU - Pandit, Lekha

AU - Paul, Friedemann

AU - Rebolleda, Gema

AU - Reddel, Stephen

AU - Rejdak, Konrad

AU - Rejdak, Robert

AU - Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.

AU - Rougier, Marie Bénédicte

AU - Sa, Maria Jose

AU - Sanchez-Dalmau, Bernardo

AU - Saylor, Deanna

AU - Shatriah, Ismail

AU - Siva, Aksel

AU - Stiebel-Kalish, Hadas

AU - Szatmary, Gabriella

AU - Ta, Linh

AU - Tenembaum, Silvia

AU - Tran, Huy

AU - Trufanov, Yevgen

AU - van Pesch, Vincent

AU - Wang, An Guor

AU - Wattjes, Mike P.

AU - Willoughby, Ernest

AU - Zakaria, Magd

AU - Zvornicanin, Jasmin

AU - Balcer, Laura

AU - Plant, Gordon T.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - There is no consensus regarding the classification of optic neuritis, and precise diagnostic criteria are not available. This reality means that the diagnosis of disorders that have optic neuritis as the first manifestation can be challenging. Accurate diagnosis of optic neuritis at presentation can facilitate the timely treatment of individuals with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Epidemiological data show that, cumulatively, optic neuritis is most frequently caused by many conditions other than multiple sclerosis. Worldwide, the cause and management of optic neuritis varies with geographical location, treatment availability, and ethnic background. We have developed diagnostic criteria for optic neuritis and a classification of optic neuritis subgroups. Our diagnostic criteria are based on clinical features that permit a diagnosis of possible optic neuritis; further paraclinical tests, utilising brain, orbital, and retinal imaging, together with antibody and other protein biomarker data, can lead to a diagnosis of definite optic neuritis. Paraclinical tests can also be applied retrospectively on stored samples and historical brain or retinal scans, which will be useful for future validation studies. Our criteria have the potential to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis, provide information on optic neuritis disease course that can guide future treatment trial design, and enable physicians to judge the likelihood of a need for long-term pharmacological management, which might differ according to optic neuritis subgroups.

AB - There is no consensus regarding the classification of optic neuritis, and precise diagnostic criteria are not available. This reality means that the diagnosis of disorders that have optic neuritis as the first manifestation can be challenging. Accurate diagnosis of optic neuritis at presentation can facilitate the timely treatment of individuals with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Epidemiological data show that, cumulatively, optic neuritis is most frequently caused by many conditions other than multiple sclerosis. Worldwide, the cause and management of optic neuritis varies with geographical location, treatment availability, and ethnic background. We have developed diagnostic criteria for optic neuritis and a classification of optic neuritis subgroups. Our diagnostic criteria are based on clinical features that permit a diagnosis of possible optic neuritis; further paraclinical tests, utilising brain, orbital, and retinal imaging, together with antibody and other protein biomarker data, can lead to a diagnosis of definite optic neuritis. Paraclinical tests can also be applied retrospectively on stored samples and historical brain or retinal scans, which will be useful for future validation studies. Our criteria have the potential to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis, provide information on optic neuritis disease course that can guide future treatment trial design, and enable physicians to judge the likelihood of a need for long-term pharmacological management, which might differ according to optic neuritis subgroups.

U2 - 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00200-9

DO - 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00200-9

M3 - Review

C2 - 36179757

AN - SCOPUS:85141992725

VL - 21

SP - 1120

EP - 1134

JO - The Lancet Neurology

JF - The Lancet Neurology

SN - 1474-4422

IS - 12

ER -