Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
J. Pelletier received fees as scientific adviser and travel grants from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis,from Biogen, Medday, Novartis, Genzyme, Roche, Sanofi, Teva and unconditional research support from Merck-Serono and Roche.

Funding Information:
J.D. Sèze received consulting and lecturing fees, travel grants and unconditional research support from Biogen, Genzyme, Novartis, Merck Serono, Roche, Sanofi Aventis and Teva Pharma.

Funding Information:
A. Lugaresi served as a Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi/ Genzyme and Teva Advisory Board Member. She received congress and travel/accommodation expense compensations and speaker honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi/Genzyme, Teva and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla (FISM). Her institutions received research grants from Novartis.

Funding Information:
O. Heinzlef received consulting and lecturing fees from Bayer Schering, Merck, Teva, Genzyme, Novartis, Almirall and BiogenIdec, travel grants from Novartis, Teva, Genzyme, Merck Serono and Biogen Idec and research support from Roche, Merck and Novartis.

Funding Information:
H. Zephir hreceived consulting or lectures, and invitations for national and international congresses from Biogen, Merck, Teva, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis and Bayer, as well as research support from Teva and Roche and academic research grants from Académie de Médecine, LFSEP, FHU Imminent and ARSEP Foundation.

Funding Information:
P. Clavelou received consulting and lecturing fees, travel grants and unconditional research support from Actelion, Biogen, Genzyme, Novartis, Medday, Merck Serono, Roche, and Teva Pharma.

Funding Information:
M. Girard received consulting fees from Teva Canada Innovation, Biogen, Novartis and Genzyme Sanofi; lecture payments from Teva Canada Innovation, Novartis and EMD. He has also received a research grant from Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

Funding Information:
P. Sola served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen Idec and TEVA, she has received funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Merck, Teva, Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis and Bayer and research grants for her Institution from Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi, Teva.

Funding Information:
E. Thouvenot received consulting and lecturing fees, travel grants or unconditional research support from the following pharmaceutical companies: Actelion, Biogen, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Teva pharma; has a patent pending for biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration and a patent pending for a diagnosis method of multiple sclerosis (EP18305630.8) ; and received academic research support from PHRC and ARSEP Foundation.

Funding Information:
S. Vukusic received grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Biogen, grants and personal fees from Geneuro, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Genzyme, grants and personal fees from Medday, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Merck-Serono, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Novartis, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Roche, grants, personal fees and nonfinancial support from Sanofi, personal fees from Teva.

Funding Information:
F. Granella received an institutional research grant from Biogen and Sanofi Genzyme, served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Sanofi Genzyme and Roche, received funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Biogen, Merck, and Sanofi-Aventis.

Funding Information:
A. Wahab received expert testimony from Roche and travel grants from Biogen.

Funding Information:
The MSBase Foundation is a not-for-profit organization that receives support from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Roche, Teva and Sanofi Genzyme. The study was conducted separately and apart from the guidance of the sponsors. CORe received funding from NHMRC [ 1140766 , 1129789 , 1157717 ] to support studies of comparative effectiveness of MS therapies.

Funding Information:
B. Stankoff received consulting and lecturing fees, travel grants from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Genzyme, and unconditional research support from Merck-Serono, Genzyme, and Roche.

Funding Information:
M. Lefort reported travel grants from Roche SAS. This work was part of Mathilde Lefort's Ph.D., which was funded through an unconditional donation from Roche SAS, without any link to the scientific contents of the work.

Funding Information:
The MSBase Foundation is a not-for-profit organization that receives support from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Roche, Teva and Sanofi Genzyme. The study was conducted separately and apart from the guidance of the sponsors. CORe received funding from NHMRC [1140766, 1129789, 1157717] to support studies of comparative effectiveness of MS therapies. OFSEP was supported by a grant provided by the French State and handled by the "Agence Nationale de la Recherche," within the framework of the "Investments for the Future" program, under the reference ANR-10-COHO-002, by the Eug?ne Devic EDMUS Foundation against multiple sclerosis and by the ARSEP Foundation. DMSR did not receive any funding to collaborate in this study. DMSR would like to thank the following DMSR investigators who participated in data acquisition:, Alex Heick, Lars Kristian Storr, Mads Ravnborg, Matthias Kant, Nasrin Asgari, Jens Arentsen, Thor Petersen, Bjarne Sivertsen, Helle Hvilsted Nielsen, Georgi Sirakov, Allan Pedersen, and Mette Kirstine Christensen for providing clinical information and notification of The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Register. They also thank the secretariat of the Clinical Quality Databases under Danish Regions for allowing them to use data from the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Register for this study. OFSEP would like to thank the following OFSEP investigators who participated in data acquisition:, Bruno Brochet, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Bordeaux, H?pital Pellegrin, Service de neurologie, Bordeaux, France; Romain Casey, PhD, Observatoire fran?ais de la scl?rose en plaques (OFSEP), Centre de coordination national, Lyon/Bron, France; Fran?ois Cotton, MD, Hospices civils de Lyon, H?pital Lyon sud, Service d'imagerie m?dicale et interventionnelle, Lyon/Pierre-B?nite, France; J?r?me De S?ze, MD, H?pitaux universitaire de Strasbourg, H?pital de Hautepierre, Service des maladies inflammatoires du syst?me nerveux ? neurologie, Strasbourg, France; Armelle Dion, Hospices civils de Lyon, D?partement de la recherche clinique et de l'innovation, Lyon, France; Pascal Douek, MD, Union pour la lutte contre la scl?rose en plaques (UNISEP), Ivry-sur-Seine, France; Francis Guillemin, MD, CIC 1433 Epid?miologie Clinique, Centre hospitalier r?gional universitaire de Nancy, Inserm et Universit? de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Christine Lebrun-Frenay, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Universit? Nice C?te d'Azur, H?pital Pasteur, Service de neurologie, Nice, France; Thibault Moreau, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, H?pital Fran?ois Mitterrand, Service de neurologie, maladies inflammatoires du syst?me nerveux et neurologie g?n?rale, Dijon, France; Javier Olaiz, PhD, Universit? Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon ing?ni?rie projets, Lyon, France; Jean Pelletier, MD, Assistance publique des h?pitaux de Marseille, Centre hospitalier de la Timone, Service de neurologie et unit? neuro-vasculaire, Marseille, France; Claire Rigaud-Bully, Fondation Eug?ne Devic EDMUS contre la scl?rose en plaques, Lyon, France; Bruno Stankoff, MD, Assistance publique des h?pitaux de Paris, H?pital Saint-Antoine, Service de neurologie, Paris, France; Romain Marignier, MD, Hospices civils de Lyon, H?pital Pierre Wertheimer, Service de neurologie A, Lyon/Bron, France; Marc Debouverie, MD, Centre hospitalier r?gional universitaire de Nancy, H?pital central, Service de neurologie, Nancy, France; Gilles Edan, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, H?pital Pontchaillou, Service de neurologie, Rennes, France; Jonathan Ciron, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Toulouse, H?pital Purpan, Service de neurologie inflammatoire et neuro-oncologie, Toulouse, France; Aur?lie Ruet, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Bordeaux, H?pital Pellegrin, Service de neurologie, Bordeaux, France; Nicolas Collongues, MD, H?pitaux universitaire de Strasbourg, H?pital de Hautepierre, Service des maladies inflammatoires du syst?me nerveux ? neurologie, Strasbourg, France; Catherine Lubetzki, MD, Assistance publique des h?pitaux de Paris, H?pital de la Piti?-Salp?tri?re, Service de neurologie, Paris, France; Patrick Vermersch, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lille, H?pital Salengro, Service de neurologie D, Lille, France; Pierre Labauge, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montpellier, H?pital Gui de Chauliac, Service de neurologie, Montpellier, France; Gilles Defer, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Caen Normandie, Service de neurologie, H?pital C?te de Nacre, Caen, France; Mika?l Cohen, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Universit? Nice C?te d'Azur, H?pital Pasteur, Service de neurologie, Nice, France; Agn?s Fromont, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, H?pital Fran?ois Mitterrand, Service de neurologie, maladies inflammatoires du syst?me nerveux et neurologie g?n?rale, Dijon, France; Sandrine Wiertlewsky, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, H?pital nord Laennec, Service de neurologie, Nantes/Saint-Herblain, France; Eric Berger, MD, Centre hospitalier r?gional universitaire de Besan?on, H?pital Jean Minjoz, Service de neurologie, Besan?on, France; Pierre Clavelou, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, H?pital Gabriel-Montpied, Service de neurologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Bertrand Audoin, MD, Assistance publique des h?pitaux de Marseille, Centre hospitalier de la Timone, Service de neurologie et unit? neuro-vasculaire, Marseille, France; Claire Giannesini, MD, Assistance publique des h?pitaux de Paris, H?pital Saint-Antoine, Service de neurologie, Paris, France; Olivier Gout, MD, Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild de l??il et du cerveau, Service de neurologie, Paris, France; Eric Thouvenot, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de N?mes, H?pital Car?meau, Service de neurologie, N?mes, France; Olivier Heinzlef, MD, Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Service de neurologie, Poissy, France; Abdullatif Al-Khedr, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire d'Amiens Picardie, Site sud, Service de neurologie, Amiens, France; Bertrand Bourre, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire Rouen Normandie, H?pital Charles-Nicolle, Service de neurologie, Rouen, France; Olivier Casez, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Site nord, Service de neurologie, Grenoble/La Tronche, France; Philippe Cabre, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Martinique, H?pital Pierre Zobda-Quitman, Service de Neurologie, Fort-de-France, France; Alexis Montcuquet, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire Limoges, H?pital Dupuytren, Service de neurologie, Limoges, France; Alain Cr?ange, MD, Assistance publique des h?pitaux de Paris, H?pital Henri Mondor, Service de neurologie, Cr?teil, France; Jean-Philippe Camdessanch?, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Saint-?tienne, H?pital Nord, Service de neurologie, Saint-?tienne, France; Justine Faure, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Reims, H?pital Maison-Blanche, Service de neurologie, Reims, France; Aude Maurousset, MD, Centre hospitalier r?gional universitaire de Tours, H?pital Bretonneau, Service de neurologie, Tours, France; Ivania Patry, MD, Centre hospitalier sud francilien, Service de neurologie, Corbeil-Essonnes, France; Karolina Hankiewicz, MD, Centre hospitalier de Saint-Denis, H?pital Casanova, Service de neurologie, Saint-Denis, France; Corinne Pottier, MD, Centre hospitalier de Pontoise, Service de neurologie, Pontoise, France; Nicolas Maubeuge, MD, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers, Site de la Mil?trie, Service de neurologie, Poitiers, France; C?line Labeyrie, MD, Assistance publique des h?pitaux de Paris, H?pital Bic?tre, Service de neurologie, Le Kremlin-Bic?tre, France; Chantal Nifle, MD, Centre hospitalier de Versailles, H?pital Andr?-Mignot, Service de neurologie, Le Chesnay, France;, CORe would like to thank the following MSBase investigators who participated in data acquisition:, From Centro Internacional de Restauracion Neurologica, Havana, Cuba, Dr Jose Antonio Cabrera-Gomez. From MS Clinic, Hopital Tenon, Paris, France, Dr Etienne Roullet. From University Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands, Dr Cees Zwanikken. From Francicus Ziekenhuis, Roosendaal, Netherlands, Dr Leontien Den braber-Moerland. From INEBA - Institute of Neuroscience Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Dr Maria Laura Saladino. From Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina, Dr Carlos Vrech. From Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia, Dr Michael Barnett. From University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Dr Tomas Kalincik, Dr Mark Marriott, Dr Trevor Kilpatrick, Dr John King, Dr Katherine Buzzard, Dr Ai-Lan Nguyen, Dr Chris Dwyer, Dr Mastura Monif, Dr Izanne Roos, Ms Lisa Taylor, Ms Josephine Baker. From John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia, Dr Jeannette Lechner-Scott. From Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia, Dr Suzanne Hodgkinson. From Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia, Dr Steve Vucic. From Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, Dr Mark Slee. From University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Dr Pamela McCombe. From Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia, Dr Mike Boggild. From Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia, Dr Bruce Taylor. From Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Dr Olga Skibina. From Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia, Dr Richard Macdonell. From Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia, Dr Todd Hardy. From Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, Dr Pamela McCombe. From Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium, Dr Vincent Van Pesch. From Rehabilitation and MS-Centre Overpelt and Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium, Dr Bart Van Wijmeersch. From Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil, Dr Yara Fragoso. From CSSS Saint-J?r?me, Saint-Jerome, Canada, Dr Julie Prevost. From Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada, Dr Fraser Moore. From CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada, Dr Alexandre Prat, Dr Marc Girard, Dr Pierre Duquette, Dr C. Larochelle. From CISSS Chaudi?re-Appalache, Levis, Canada, Dr Pierre Grammond. From Neuro Rive-Sud, Quebec, Canada, Dr Francois Grand'Maison. From Nemocnice Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic, Dr Radek Ampapa. From Kommunehospitalet, Arhus C, Denmark, Dr Thor Petersen. From Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain, Dr Ricardo Fernandez Bola?os. From Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebasti?n, Spain, Dr Javier Olascoaga. From Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain, Dr Celia Oreja-Guevara. From Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, Spain, Dr Jose Luis Sanchez-Menoyo. From Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain, Dr Cristina Ramo-Tello. From Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Alzira, Spain, Dr Jose Andres Dominguez.From Cordoba, Spain, Dr Eduardo Aguera-Morales. From South East Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom, Dr Orla Gray. From Veszpr?m Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc K?rh?z zrt. Veszprem, Hungary, Dr Imre Piroska. From Jahn Ferenc Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary, Dr Csilla Rozsa, Dr Krisztian Kasa. From Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary, Dr Magdolna Simo. From BAZ County Hospital, Miskolc, Hungary, Dr Attila Sas. From Szent Imre Hospital, Budapest, Hungary, Dr Eniko Dobos. From University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary, Dr Cecilia Rajda. From Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche - AV3, Macerata, Italy, Dr Elisabetta Cartechini, Dr Matteo Diamanti. From University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Dr Maria Pia Amato. From IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy, Dr Roberto Bergamaschi. From Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, Italy, Dr Gerardo Iuliano. From Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino, Avellino, Italy, Dr Daniele Spitaleri. From ASL3 Genovese, Genova, Italy, Dr Claudio Solaro. From Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy, Dr Davide Maimone. From Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait, Dr Raed Alroughani. From American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, Dr Bassem Yamout. From Zuyderland Ziekenhuis, Sittard, Netherlands, Dr Raymond Hupperts. From Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Gouda, Netherlands, Dr Freek Verheul. From Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman, Dr Jabir Alkhaboori. From Hospital S?o Jo?o, Porto, Portugal, Dr Maria Edite Rio. From Hospital de Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal, Dr Maria Josa Sa. From Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia, Dr Youssef Sidhom, Dr Riadh Gouider. From KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey, Dr Cavit Boz. From Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, Dr Rana Karabudak. From Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey, Dr Ayse Altintas. From Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey, Dr Aysun Soysal. From Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Dr Recai Turkoglu. From University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Dr Clara Chisari, Dr Emanuele D'Amico, Dr Lo Fermo Salvatore. From University ?G. d'Annunzio?, Chieti, Italy, Dr Giovanna De Luca, Dr Valeria Di Tommaso, Dr Daniela Travaglini, Dr Erika Pietrolongo, Dr Maria di Ioia, Dr Deborah Farina, Dr Luca Mancinelli. From Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Modena, Italy, Dr Francesca Vitetta, Dr Anna Maria Simone. From University of Parma, Parma, Italy, Dr Erica Curti, Dr Elena Tsantes. From Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Dr Anneke van der Walt.

Funding Information:
P. Duquette served on editorial boards and has been supported to attend meetings by EMD, Biogen, Novartis, Genzyme, and TEVA Neuroscience. He holds grants from the CIHR and the MS Society of Canada and has received funding for investigator-initiated trials from Biogen, Novartis, and Genzyme.

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