Two cases of neurosyphilis are presented. Both patients had developed a paranoid psychosis and needed admission to a psychiatric department. In both cases relevant treatment resulted in improvement of both the dementia and the psychotic condition, though the patients were left with some degree of dementia at follow up. Both patients had a symptom-free interval lasting several years. It still remains important to take WR, when investigating the cause of dementia, and when dealing with patients admitted to neurological and psychiatric departments with an uncertain diagnosis.