TY - JOUR

T1 - The Sexual Long COVID (SLC)

T2 - Erectile Dysfunction as a Biomarker of Systemic Complications for COVID-19 Long Haulers

AU - Sansone, Andrea

AU - Mollaioli, Daniele

AU - Limoncin, Erika

AU - Ciocca, Giacomo

AU - Bắc, Nguyễn Hoài

AU - Cao, Thắng Nguyễn

AU - Hou, Guangdong

AU - Yuan, Jianlin

AU - Zitzmann, Michael

AU - Giraldi, Annamaria

AU - Jannini, Emmanuele A.

N1 - Funding Information: AS and EAJ have been partially supported for this work by the Italian Ministry of University PRIN grant # 2017S9KTNE_002. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 International Society for Sexual Medicine

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Introduction: Long term complications of COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2, involve many organ systems, dramatically worsening the quality of life, and finally contributing to impaired physical functioning. Despite the presence of well-identified pathogenetic mechanisms, the effect of “Long COVID” on sexual health has been only marginally addressed. Objectives: To provide coverage of the current literature on long COVID, its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and relevance for erectile function. Methods. Comprehensive review of literature pertaining to the epidemiology and pathophysiology of long COVID, and its relevance for erectile function. Results: Symptoms of long COVID are highly prevalent and involve almost all systems of the human body, with a plethora of clinical manifestations which range from minor nuisances to life-threatening conditions. “Brain fog” and fatigue are the most common complaints, although other neuropsychiatric complications, including sensory dysfunctions, anxiety, depression, and cerebrovascular events have also been reported. The respiratory and cardiovascular systems are also affected, with dyspnea, pulmonary fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and myocarditis occurring in some COVID long haulers. A subset of patients might develop endocrine manifestations, including onset of diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, and hypogonadism. Overall, long COVID features many complications which can impair erectile function by multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, and which could require tailored treatment: (i) careful investigation and management from the sexual medicine expert are therefore much needed, (ii) and future research on this topic is warranted. Conclusion: in COVID-19 long haulers, several complications can adversely affect erectile function which, upon future tailored studies, could be used as biomarker for the severity of the long COVID disease and for its follow-up. Sansone A, Mollaioli D, Limoncin E et al. The Sexual Long COVID (SLC): Erectile Dysfunction as a Biomarker of Systemic Complications for COVID-19 Long Haulers. Sex Med Rev 2021;XX:XXX–XXX.

AB - Introduction: Long term complications of COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2, involve many organ systems, dramatically worsening the quality of life, and finally contributing to impaired physical functioning. Despite the presence of well-identified pathogenetic mechanisms, the effect of “Long COVID” on sexual health has been only marginally addressed. Objectives: To provide coverage of the current literature on long COVID, its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and relevance for erectile function. Methods. Comprehensive review of literature pertaining to the epidemiology and pathophysiology of long COVID, and its relevance for erectile function. Results: Symptoms of long COVID are highly prevalent and involve almost all systems of the human body, with a plethora of clinical manifestations which range from minor nuisances to life-threatening conditions. “Brain fog” and fatigue are the most common complaints, although other neuropsychiatric complications, including sensory dysfunctions, anxiety, depression, and cerebrovascular events have also been reported. The respiratory and cardiovascular systems are also affected, with dyspnea, pulmonary fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and myocarditis occurring in some COVID long haulers. A subset of patients might develop endocrine manifestations, including onset of diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, and hypogonadism. Overall, long COVID features many complications which can impair erectile function by multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, and which could require tailored treatment: (i) careful investigation and management from the sexual medicine expert are therefore much needed, (ii) and future research on this topic is warranted. Conclusion: in COVID-19 long haulers, several complications can adversely affect erectile function which, upon future tailored studies, could be used as biomarker for the severity of the long COVID disease and for its follow-up. Sansone A, Mollaioli D, Limoncin E et al. The Sexual Long COVID (SLC): Erectile Dysfunction as a Biomarker of Systemic Complications for COVID-19 Long Haulers. Sex Med Rev 2021;XX:XXX–XXX.

KW - Cardiovascular health

KW - Coronavirus

KW - COVID-19

KW - Erectile dysfunction

KW - Long COVID

KW - Pathophysiology

U2 - 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.11.001

DO - 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.11.001

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 34933829

AN - SCOPUS:85121360096

VL - 10

SP - 271

EP - 285

JO - Sexual Medicine Reviews

JF - Sexual Medicine Reviews

SN - 2050-0521

IS - 2

ER -